For teens and women on birth control, between-period spotting is common and usually not something to worry about, Dr. Gallenberg says. But if you're nearing menopause, alert your doctor. It could be a sign of endometrial cancer, which is more common in older women.
Why it happens: Besides endometrial cancer, spotting can result from stress, hormonal imbalances, underactive thyroid, poor ovulation, fibroids or polyps, and cervical infections.
Medical treatments: Schedule an annual gynecological exam so your doctor can catch any issues early, Dr. Gallenberg says.
Your doctor may recommend a blood test to check thyroid and ovarian function and a colposcopy (a test that uses a microscope to examine the vagina and cervix) or endometrial or cervical biopsy to rule out cancer.
Your doctor may also suggest a progesterone-only treatment, such as an intrauterine device (IUD) that releases the hormone, says Pamela D. Berens, M.D., professor of obstetrics and gynecology at University of Texas Medical School in Houston.
4. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
How it feels: Most women face PMS at some point in their lives. Its symptoms – bloating, breast tenderness, muscle pain, irritability, food cravings and fatigue – usually start a few days before menstruation.
Severe PMS, known as PMDD, causes more extreme moods, such as anxiety, depression or anger. About 3%-8% of women with PMS experience PMDD, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
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